In this paper, aging with its different dimensions is discussed. The characteristics of elderly's life in relation to individual, social, and changes meet aging together with attitudes toward it and major components of elderly are explained. Disease and burden of disease of aging as a central to the areas of HEALTH and HEALTH ECONOMICS will be emphasized. The influential factors on the growth of aging, policies and policymakers' responsibilities in this respect, also briefly is analyzed.On the whole an attempt will be made to discuss and analyze aging and escalating costs of long - term care of elderly in the context of social problems and phenomenon such as the quality of interactions between elderly and community, attitudes towards elderly and its consequences, as well as gaps between generations.In April 1995, World HEALTH Organization, promoted a program on aging which emphasized more on HEALTHy aging rather than aging itself. This program followed several purposes including promotion of quality of life and public HEALTH particularly among elderly. This paper reflects the program framework in someway.There is a need to reassessment of views towards aging, elderly's HEALTH, and their roles and functions in family and community. This approach may enable us to utilize the eldely's effective potentials and enjoy their experience to resolve some existing conflicts among genders and generations.The ideas of scholars either from Iran or from other countries extracted from literature will be the starting point of the present paper since it may help to provide a rather broad and comprehensive picture of life, which aging is considered as a big and important part of it. This picture, however, would demonstrate the weak points of services provided and delivered to the elderly.

ECONOMICS and management are disciplines which are theoretically interdependent and highly intercalated in practice. The manager develops main policies, values, goals and guidelines and at the same time suggests different ways achieving the objectives. The economist suggests the most efficient and effective way. As a matter of fact, there is no institution, for- or non-for-profit, in the world having no concern on economic and financial issues. While all institutions consider cost containment and revenue increase approaches, employing rational and mathematical techniques would be inevitable; systematic and approved tools and logics, undoubtedly would lead better results. The ECONOMICS, having structured and logical framework, can handle these issues properly. In the ECONOMICS, providers' and consumers' behaviors are analyzed, seeking the optimum points for demand and supply, and price. The HEALTH sector's leaders and policy makers are supposed to develop a situation appropriate for resource-directed and needs-driven behaviors, using legal, financial and other control knobs, the behaviors that eventually end distributive and utility equity in HEALTH services. Achieving equity in distribution of facilities concomitant with equity in availability and equity in utility are the main concerns of the people and the leaders of the societies. In addition, affordability of the HEALTH costs for the majority of the community, and financing for supposed services have led the policy makers to search for cost containment approaches, and some kind of rationing of the services. HEALTH economist deals with applying the two level ECONOMICS in radiology departments. Micro-ECONOMICS at the level of institutions, which discusses regulating processes and decisions in order to minimize the expenditures and maximize the revenues via a variety of initiatives, such as customer satisfaction and motivated staff, improving the processes, and reducing the wastes. In macro-ECONOMICS level, at the level of nation, the issues such as clinical guidelines, benefit packages, HEALTH technology assessments, equity in distribution of facilities, equitable accessibility as needed (no less and no more), affordability of HEALTH expenditures for individuals, insurance com-panies, and government are being discussed.Sometimes micro- and macro-economic issues are in confliction, though their interests at institutional level, i.e. X-ray departments, sonography offices, CT-scanning and MRI centers, are opposed to clinical guidelines and rationing planned and enacted by the governments at national level. Are there any levers, e.g. tariffs and regulations, available for the managers of societies, ensuring customers' and providers' behaviors modification, seeking efficiency, effectiveness, and equity?

This article reviews very intensive definitions of ECONOMICS and its rout and evolution. Distinctions between HEALTH and goods markets then are explained and relevant areas are emphasized. Then, policy-making issues as well as management of resources, are briefly explored and the process of change and new approaches to a HEALTHy system management, is discussed.Finally, the implications of the topic for developing countries are presented.

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to unfold there is an untold number of trade-offs being made in every country around the globe. The experience in the United Kingdom and Canada to date has not seen much uptake of HEALTH ECONOMICS methods. We provide some thoughts on how this could take place, specifically in three areas. Firstly, this can involve understanding the impact of lockdown policies on national productivity. Secondly, there is great importance in studying trade-offs with respect to enhancing HEALTH system capacity and the impact of the mix of private-public financing. Finally, there are key trade-offs that will continue to be made both in terms of access to testing and ventilators which would benefit greatly from economic appraisal. In short, HEALTH ECONOMICS could – and we would argue most certainly should – play a much more prominent role in policy-making as it relates to the current as well as future pandemics.

In the idea of clinical ECONOMICS, the main emphasis is on having a systematic way of thinking to solve the issues and problems related to the HEALTH system by examining the current situation as well as foresight. Each system must be treated in a special way and individual decisions in each sector must be avoided, regardless of the nature of a purposeful and orderly system. Also, the experience of other countries can be used in this idea, but inevitably, the implementation of successful strategies of one HEALTH system for another system cannot be accompanied by optimal results.